First Nations
Chapleau is home to three First Nation Communities.
Brunswick House First Nation
Brunswick House First Nation is situated on Highway 101 North, about 5 kilometres from the town of Chapleau. The on-reserve population is approximately 100 residents.
Chapleau Cree First Nation
Chapleau Cree First Nation is situated 5 kilometres southwest of the town of Chapleau. The dimension of the Fox Lake Reserve is approximately 2560 acres or 4 square miles. Chapleau Cree First Nation is based at the bottom of the Arctic Watershed, which also embodies the largest Crown game preserve in North America, the Chapleau Crown Game Preserve.
Chapleau Ojibwe First Nation
Chapleau Ojibwe First Nation is situated 2 kilometres south of Chapleau on Highway 129. The size of the reserve is 799 hectares with a population of approximately 38 residents.